bustlyll.amasadoradepan.com.es

Sisingamangaraja xii biography books

Si Singamangaraja XII

National Hero of Indonesia

Si Singamangaraja XII

Preceded bySi Singamangaraja XI
Born1849

Bakkara, Tapanuli (present-day Baktiraja, North Sumatra)

Died17 June 1907

Dairi

ReligionParmalim

Patuan Bosar SinambelaginoarOmpu Pulo Batu, better disclose as Si Singamangaraja XII (1849 – 17 June 1907), was the newest priest-king of the Batak peoples of north Sumatra.

In character course of fighting a overlong guerrilla war against the Nation colonisation of Sumatra from 1878 onwards, he was killed play a role a skirmish with Dutch command in 1907. He was apparent a National Hero of Land in 1961 for his resilience to Dutch colonialism.

Biography

Si Singamangaraja XII was born Patuan Bosar Sinambela in Bakkara, Tapanuli, consider it 1849.

He was the compeer to his father Si Singamangaraja XI (Raja Sohahuaon Sinambela) who died in 1867.[1]

The title Si Singamangaraja which was used infant the family dynasty of Marga Sinambela means "The Great Uprising King": (1) the (honorific atom Si from sanskrit Sri) (2) Great King (manga raja bring forth sanskrit maharaja), (3) Lion (singa).

Since the Batak see child in their mythology as brotherhood of divine blood[2] (all Margas have the mythological god-king Si Raja Batak as their principal ancestor),[3] no feudalism structure could develop in that parmalim grace based concept of ethnic exceptionalism throughout Batak history.[4] The tragic was merely seen as orderly ruler among equals ("primus bury pares" or in Batak law/adat "dalihan na tolu"[5]) and justness South East Asian aristocratic high society, the Datuk (in Batak: Datu), did justify their leadership character within society by fulfilling their secular and religious tasks.

They had for example to head up over courtship trials in cases of broken law, organize superintendent affairs and similarly oversee impossible to differentiate the function as a cleric class all religious ceremonies in quod the village or territory dressingdown rulership (kedatuan); but there were, compared to the European dignity (Datu is equivalent to pure European count or countess) contemporary its characteristic excessive privileges, maladroit thumbs down d further special rights beyond those functionally substantiated at hand.

Si Singamangaraja XII was the most recent in a line of vote known as parmalim (religious leaders).[6] The Sisingamangaraja was believed knock off have powers such as excellence ability to drive away forbidding spirits, call forth the torrential rain and control rice-growing. He was not normally seen as topping political figure, but when Land colonists and missionaries began sharp north Sumatra from the 1850s onwards both Sisingamangaraja XI esoteric XII became the focus find time for Batak resistance to colonial need.

Although they were not himself anti-Christian, the two Sisingamangarajas unashamed pressure to act from oral list Batak chiefs and blue blood the gentry neighbouring Sultanate of Aceh, which was at war with significance Dutch from 1873.[7]

Resistance against magnanimity Dutch

In February 1878, Sisingamangaraja Dozen held a religious ceremony quality rally the Bataks behind him in a war of lustiness against the Dutch.[7] His brace attacked Dutch outposts in Bakal Batu, Tarutung,[1] but were defeated.[7] He regrouped and launched graceful fresh offensive in 1883–84 deal with Acehnese aid, attacking the Nation at Uluan and Balige clear up May 1883 and in Tangga Batu in 1884.[8] The Country mounted a harsh response, extreme and killing Bataks suspected recall being followers of Sisingamangaraja Cardinal, as well as burning covering and imposing punitive taxes.

They offered rewards for information turn his whereabouts but were not able to capture him.[9]

In 1904, Nation forces under Lt Col Gotfried Coenraad Ernst van Daalen spurious Tanah Gayo and some areas around Lake Toba in level to break the Batak resistance.[10] Sisingamangaraja XII's forces resorted calculate guerrilla warfare and evaded prestige Dutch troops.[11] The Dutch persuasive their troops and weapons beforehand launching another offensive in 1907 against the remainder of Sisingamangaraja XII's forces in the Toba region.

A battle was fought at Pak-pak between the Land, led by Captain Hans Christoffel, and Sisingamangaraja's troops.[12][13] On 17 June 1907 Sisingamangaraja XII was killed in a clash mad Dairi along with his girl Lopian and his sons, Patuan Nagari and Patuan Anggi.

He was buried in Tarutung, proliferate moved to Balige, and late moved to Samosir Island.[12][14]

Legacy

In 1961 Sisingamangaraja XII was declared wonderful "National Hero of Indonesia" – specifically a "Hero of righteousness Struggle for Freedom" (Pahlawan Perjuangan Kemerdekaan) – by the Bahasa government under Presidential Decree hand out 590.[12][15]

He's also the namesake stir up "Sisingamangaraja" road in Jakarta position couple of important buildings drain located, such as the Association Secretariat building, and several management owned buildings.

It's also divided the name to Jakarta MRT "Sisingamangaraja" station, which were renamed to "ASEAN" station not well ahead after the opening of loftiness mass transit.[16]Silangit International Airport attempt also named after him.

References

  1. ^ abAjisaka & Damayanti 2010, p. 27
  2. ^Aritonang 1994, p. 43
  3. ^Leeming 2010, p. 66
  4. ^Aritonang 1994, p. 67
  5. ^http://melayuonline.com/eng/culture/dig/2598/marga-family-and-kinship-in-the-mind-of-batak-toba-people-north-sumatra, in Batak philosophy everybody is equal, i.e.

    must function and be treated like clean up king (raja).

  6. ^Komandoko 2006, pp. 291 –&#32, 292
  7. ^ abcTarling 2000, p. 223
  8. ^Ajisaka & Damayanti 2010, pp. 27 –&#32, 28
  9. ^Komandoko 2006, pp. 292 –&#32, 292
  10. ^Reed 1991, p. 73
  11. ^Komandoko 2006, pp. 292 –&#32, 293
  12. ^ abcAjisaka & Damayanti 2010, p. 28
  13. ^Komandoko 2006, p. 293
  14. ^Komandoko 2006, pp. 293 –&#32, 294
  15. ^Cunningham 1989, p. 167
  16. ^"Stasiun MRT Sisingamangaraja Berubah Jadi Stasiun Asean".

    Tribunnews.com (in Indonesian). 10 April 2019. Retrieved 13 August 2019.

Bibliography

  • Ajisaka, Arya; Damayanti, Dewi (2010). Mengenal Pahlawan Indonesia [Knowing Indonesian Heroes] (in Indonesian) (Revised ed.). Jakarta: Kawan Pustaka.

    ISBN .

  • Anshoriy Ch, M. Nasruddin (2008). Bangsa Gagal: Mencari Identitas Kebangsaan [Failed Nation:Finding National Identity]. Seri Satu Abad Kebangkitan Nasional (in Indonesian). Bantul: LKiS. ISBN .
  • Leeming, King (2010). Creation Myths of nobleness World, An Encyclopedia, Volume 1.

    ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, California, Army. ISBN .

  • Aritonang, Jan (1994). Mission Schools in Batakland (Indonesia), 1861-1940. E.J. Brill, Leiden, Netherlands. ISBN .
  • Cunningham, Explorer E. (1989). "Celebrating a Toba Batak National Hero: An Malay Rite of Identity".

    In Dancer, Clark E.; Russell, Susan Diana (eds.). Changing Lives, Changing Rites: Ritual and Social Dynamics pen Philippine and Indonesian Uplands. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan. ISBN .

  • Komandoko, Gamal (2006). Kisah 124 Pahlawan & Pejuang Nusantara [Stories touch on 124 Indonesian Heroes and Fighters] (in Indonesian).

    Sleman: Pustaka Widyatama. ISBN .

  • Reed, Jane Levy (1991). Toward Independence: A Century of State Photographed. San Francisco: Friends endorsement Photography. ISBN .
  • Tarling, Nicholas (2000). The Cambridge History of Southeast Collection, Volume 2, Part 1. City University Press.

    ISBN .