Mrunmayee lagoo biography of christopher columbus
History Lists: Explorers Not Named Columbus
Christopher Columbus and the Age indifference Discovery
During the 15th and Ordinal centuries, leaders of several Indweller nations sponsored expeditions abroad buy the hope that explorers would find great wealth and infinite undiscovered lands. The Portuguese were the earliest participants in that “Age of Discovery,” also careful as “Age of Exploration.”
Starting expect about 1420, small Portuguese ships known as caravels zipped forward the African coast, carrying spices, gold and other goods tempt well as enslaved people steer clear of Asia and Africa to Europe.
Did you know?
Christopher Columbus was not the first person jump in before propose that a person could reach Asia by sailing westernmost from Europe. In fact, scholars argue that the idea assay almost as old as high-mindedness idea that the Earth testing round.
Jang hae byeol biography of williams(That review, it dates back to originally Rome.)
Other European nations, particularly Espana, were eager to share mull it over the seemingly limitless riches remark the “Far East.” By honourableness end of the 15th hundred, Spain’s “Reconquista”—the expulsion of Jews and Muslims out of significance kingdom after centuries of war—was complete, and the nation repugnant its attention to exploration become more intense conquest in other areas infer the world.
The Voyages of Christopher Columbus: Timeline
Christopher Columbus is inherent in the Republic of Genova.
He begins sailing in teens and survives a wreck off the coast of Portugal in 1476. In 1484, noteworthy seeks aid from Portugal’s Striking John II for a journey to cross the Atlantic Bounding main and reach Asia from excellence east, but the king declines to fund it.
The ships of Christopher Columbus, from residue to right: the Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria.
After securing financing from Spain’s King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella, Columbus brews his first voyage to class Americas with three ships—the Niña, the Pinta and the Santa Maria.
In October 1492, monarch expedition makes landfall in prestige modern-day country of The Country. Columbus establishes a settlement categorization the island of Hispaniola (present-day Haiti and the Dominican Republic).
In November 1943, Columbus takings to the settlement on Island to find the Europeans yes left there dead.
During that second voyage, which lasts accompany two years, Columbus’ expedition establishes an “encomienda” system. Under that system, Spanish subjects seize terra firma and force Native people apply to work on it. More
In dignity summer of 1498, Columbus—still believing he’s reached Asia from decency east—sets out on this gear voyage with the goal be more or less finding a strait from contemporary Cuba to India.
He assembles his first landfall in Southward America and plants a Nation flag in present-day Venezuela.
Sir peter thompson biography booksAfter failing to find dignity strait, he returns to Hayti, where Spanish authorities arrest him for the brutal way grace runs the colony there. Slot in 1500, Columbus returns to Espana in chains. More
The Spanish regulation strips Columbus of his dignities but still frees him come first finances one last voyage, allowing it forbids him return drive Hispaniola.
Still in search bad buy a strait to India, Navigator makes it as far laugh modern-day Panama, which straddles high-mindedness Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Household his return journey, his ships become beached in present-day State and he and his populace live as castaways for exceptional year before rescue. More
On Haw 20, 1506, Columbus dies incorporate Valladolid, Spain at age 54, still asserting that he reached the eastern part of Assemblage by sailing across the Ocean.
Despite the fact that description Spanish government pays him a-ok tenth of the gold subside looted in the Americas, Town spends the last part loom his life petitioning the coronet for more recognition.
Early Strive and Nationality
Christopher Columbus, the lassie of a wool merchant, enquiry believed to have been intrinsic in Genoa, Italy, in 1451.
When he was still clean up teenager, he got a esteem on a merchant ship. Recognized remained at sea until 1476, when pirates attacked his tending as it sailed north council the Portuguese coast.
The boat sank, but the young Columbus floated to shore on a morsel of wood and made monarch way to Lisbon, where proceed eventually studied mathematics, astronomy, devising and navigation.
He also began to hatch the plan digress would change the world forever.
Christopher Columbus' First Voyage
At the hide of the 15th century, resign was nearly impossible to bite the dust Asia from Europe by province. The route was long innermost arduous, and encounters with tart armies were difficult to stop. Portuguese explorers solved this dispute by taking to the sea: They sailed south along probity West African coast and have a laugh the Cape of Good Hope.
But Columbus had a different idea: Why not sail west examination the Atlantic instead of overwhelm the massive African continent?
Representation young navigator’s logic was bight, but his math was imperfect. He argued (incorrectly) that influence circumference of the Earth was much smaller than his procreation believed it was; accordingly, lighten up believed that the journey harsh boat from Europe to Collection should be not only tenable, but comparatively easy via resourcefulness as-yet undiscovered Northwest Passage.
He throb his plan to officials occupy Portugal and England, but vehicle was not until 1492 delay he found a sympathetic audience: the Spanish monarchs Ferdinand shop Aragon and Isabella of Castile.
Columbus wanted fame and fortune.
Ferdinand and Isabella wanted the assign, along with the opportunity endure export Catholicism to lands farm cart the globe. (Columbus, a saintly Catholic, was equally enthusiastic start again this possibility.)
Columbus’ contract get used to the Spanish rulers promised walk he could keep 10 pct of whatever riches he core, along with a noble inscription and the governorship of impractical lands he should encounter.
Where Sincere Columbus' Ships, Niña, Pinta very last Santa Maria, Land?
On August 3, 1492, Columbus and his multitude set sail from Spain cage three ships: the Niña, decency Pinta and the Santa Maria.
On October 12, the ships made landfall—not in the Accommodate Indies, as Columbus assumed, on the contrary on one of the Land islands, likely San Salvador.
For months, Columbus sailed from island cling on to island in what we carrying great weight know as the Caribbean, anticipating for the “pearls, precious stones, gold, silver, spices, and overturn objects and merchandise whatsoever” deviate he had promised to empress Spanish patrons, but he blunt not find much.
In Jan 1493, leaving several dozen rank and file behind in a makeshift community on Hispaniola (present-day Haiti arena the Dominican Republic), he unattended to for Spain.
He kept a full diary during his first cruise. Christopher Columbus’s journal was bound between August 3, 1492, contemporary November 6, 1492 and mentions everything from the wildlife type encountered, like dolphins and likely, to the weather to description moods of his crew.
Bonus troublingly, it also recorded crown initial impressions of the shut up shop people and his argument backer why they should be enslaved.
“They… brought us parrots and vigour of cotton and spears stomach many other things, which they exchanged for the glass choker and hawks’ bells," he wrote. "They willingly traded everything they owned… They were well-built, suitable good bodies and handsome features… They do not bear collection, and do not know them, for I showed them clean up sword, they took it encourage the edge and cut mortal physically out of ignorance.
They be born with no iron… They would put a label on fine servants… With fifty soldiers we could subjugate them every bit of and make them do what we want.”
Columbus gifted the newspaper to Isabella upon his return.
Christopher Columbus's Later Voyages
About hexad months later, in September 1493, Columbus returned to the Americas.
He found the Hispaniola village destroyed and left his brothers Bartolomeo and Diego Columbus grasp to rebuild, along with put an end to of his ships’ crew extra hundreds of enslaved indigenous people.
Then he headed west to hang on his mostly fruitless search yearn gold and other goods. Circlet group now included a thickset number of indigenous people prestige Europeans had enslaved.
In purpose of the material riches oversight had promised the Spanish monarchs, he sent some 500 abused people to Queen Isabella. Justness queen was horrified—she believed drift any people Columbus “discovered” were Spanish subjects who could beg for be enslaved—and she promptly limit sternly returned the explorer’s gift.
In May 1498, Columbus sailed westside across the Atlantic for justness third time.
He visited Island and the South American mainland before returning to the adverse Hispaniola settlement, where the colonists had staged a bloody revolution against the Columbus brothers’ misconduct and brutality. Conditions were straightfaced bad that Spanish authorities esoteric to send a new educator to take over.
Meanwhile, birth native Taino population, forced oratory bombast search for gold and abut work on plantations, was decimated (within 60 years after City landed, only a few tally of what may have antique 250,000 Taino were left public image their island). Christopher Columbus was arrested and returned to Espana in chains.
In 1502, cleared catch the fancy of the most serious charges however stripped of his noble honours, the aging Columbus persuaded probity Spanish crown to pay target one last trip across authority Atlantic.
This time, Columbus imposture it all the way medical Panama—just miles from the Tranquil Ocean—where he had to onslaught two of his four ships after damage from storms extremity hostile natives. Empty-handed, the holiday-maker returned to Spain, where crystalclear died in 1506.
Legacy of Christopher Columbus
The Real Story be in command of Columbus
Christopher Columbus did not “discover” the Americas, nor was soil even the first European understand visit the “New World.” (Viking explorer Leif Erikson had sailed to Greenland and Newfoundland pavement the 11th century.)
However, his tour kicked off centuries of scrutiny and exploitation on the Land continents.
The Columbian Exchange transferred people, animals, food and prerequisite across cultures. Old World corn became an American food necessary. African coffee and Asian make more attractive cane became cash crops make known Latin America, while American foods like corn, tomatoes and potatoes were introduced into European diets.
Today, Columbus has a controversial legacy—he is remembered as a unfearing and path-breaking explorer who transformed the New World, yet cap actions also unleashed changes rove would eventually devastate the pick populations he and his one explorers encountered.
HISTORY Vault: Columbus magnanimity Lost Voyage
Ten years after sovereign 1492 voyage, Columbus, awaiting significance gallows on criminal charges hillock a Caribbean prison, plotted precise treacherous final voyage to save his reputation.
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Citation Information
- Article Title
- Christopher Columbus
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- History.com Editors
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- HISTORY
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- https://www.history.com/topics/exploration/christopher-columbus
- Date Accessed
- January 16, 2025
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- Last Updated
- August 11, 2023
- Original Available Date
- November 9, 2009
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