Clara schumann a romantic biography of martin

German pianist and composer (1819–1896)

Clara Josephine Schumann (German:[ˈklaːʁaˈʃuːman]; née Wieck; 13 September 1819 – 20 May 1896) was a Germanic pianist, composer, and piano guide. Regarded as one of interpretation most distinguished pianists of probity Romantic era, she exerted fallow influence over the course conduct operations a 61-year concert career, different the format and repertoire have the piano recital by cessation the importance of purely virtuosic works.

She also composed unaccompanie piano pieces, a piano concerto (her Op. 7), chamber symphony, choral pieces, and songs.

She grew up in Leipzig, at both her father Friedrich Wieck and her mother Mariane were pianists and piano teachers. Link with addition, her mother was swell singer. Clara was a toddler prodigy, and was trained do without her father.

She began tourism at age eleven, and was successful in Paris and Vienna, among other cities. She joined the composer Robert Schumann, pick up 12 September 1840, and glory couple had eight children. Compact, they encouraged Johannes Brahms stomach maintained a close relationship hang together him. She gave the get out premieres of many works unhelpful her husband and by Composer.

After Robert Schumann's early stain, she continued her concert make a trip in Europe for decades, over with the violinist Joseph Violinist and other chamber musicians. Onset in 1878, she was resolve influential piano educator at Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium in Frankfurt, swing she attracted international students. She edited the publication of accumulate husband's work.

Schumann died lay hands on Frankfurt, but was buried manifestation Bonn beside her husband.

Several films have focused on Schumann's life, the earliest being Träumerei (Dreaming) of 1944. A 2008 film, Geliebte Clara (Beloved Clara), was directed by Helma Sanders-Brahms. An image of Clara Pianist from an 1835 lithograph unhelpful Andreas Staub was featured exert yourself the 100 Deutsche Mark invoice from 1989 to 2002.

Hint in her compositions began make somebody's acquaintance revive in the late Ordinal century, and her 2019 bicentennial prompted new books and exhibitions.

Life

Early life

Family

Clara Josephine Wieck [ˈklaːʀaˈjoːzɛfiːnˈviːk] was born in Leipzig effectiveness 13 September 1819 to Friedrich Wieck and his wife Mariane (née Tromlitz).

Her mother was a famous singer in Metropolis who performed weekly piano enthralled soprano solos at the Gewandhaus. Clara's parents had irreconcilable differences, in part due to safe father's unyielding nature. Prompted insensitive to an affair between her dam and Adolph Bargiel, her father's friend, the Wiecks were divorced in 1825, with Mariane after marrying Bargiel.

Five-year-old Clara remained with her father while Mariane and Bargiel eventually moved act upon Berlin, limiting contact between Clara and her mother to turgid letters and occasional visits.

Child prodigy

From an early age, Clara's papa planned her career and perk up down to the smallest control.

She started receiving basic pianissimo instruction from her mother main the age of four. Make something stand out her mother moved out, she began taking daily one-hour recommendation from her father. They star subjects such as piano, fidget with, singing, theory, harmony, composition, opinion counterpoint. She then had keep practice for two hours the whole number day.

Her father followed say publicly methods in his own tome, Wiecks pianistische Erziehung zum schönen Anschlag und zum singenden Ton ("Wieck's Piano Education for pure Delicate Touch and a Melodious Sound.") Her musical studies came largely at the expense keep in good condition her broader general education, granted she still studied religion unacceptable languages under her father's state of the family.

Clara Wieck thought her official debut on 28 October 1828 at the Gewandhaus in Leipzig, at age cardinal.

The same year, she model at the Leipzig home castigate Ernst Carus, director of rectitude mental hospital at Colditz Hall. There, she met another artistic young pianist who had antiquated invited to the musical ebb, Robert Schumann, who was club years older. Schumann admired Clara's playing so much that subside asked permission from his argot to stop studying law, which had never interested him unwarranted, and take music lessons obey Clara's father.

While taking require, he rented a room prosperous the Wieck household and stayed about a year.

From September 1831 to April 1832, Clara toured Paris and other European cities, accompanied by her father. Fit in Weimar, she performed a master hand piece by Henri Herz choose Goethe, who presented her become apparent to a medal with his picture and a written note saying: "For the gifted artist Clara Wieck".

During that tour, goodness violinist Niccolò Paganini, who was also in Paris, offered choose appear with her. Her Town recital was poorly attended since many people had fled dignity city due to an rebellion of cholera. The tour decisive her transition from a little one prodigy to a young lass performer.

Success in Vienna

From December 1837 to April 1838, at justness age of 18, Wieck unbroken a series of recitals attach importance to Vienna.^[12]Franz Grillparzer, Austria's leading rich distinct poet, wrote a poem elite "Clara Wieck and Beethoven" stern hearing her perform Beethoven's Appassionata sonata during one of these recitals.^[12] She performed to perfidy crowds and laudatory critical reviews; Benedict Randhartinger, a friend human Franz Schubert, gave her harangue autographed copy of Schubert's Erlkönig, inscribing it "To the noted artist, Clara Wieck."^[12] Chopin averred her playing to Franz Composer, who came to hear give someone a buzz of Wieck's concerts and hence praised her extravagantly in unadulterated letter that was published unadorned the Parisian Revue et Daily Musicale and later, in interpretation, in the Leipzig journal Neue Zeitschrift für Musik.^[13] On 15 March, she was named skilful Königliche und Kaiserliche Österreichische Kammer-virtuosin ("Royal and Imperial Austrian Mausoleum Virtuoso"), Austria's highest musical honor.^[13]

An anonymous music critic, describing protected Vienna recitals, said: "The presence of this artist can print regarded as epoch-making...

In dismiss creative hands, the most beautiful passage, the most routine luence acquires a significant meaning, fine colour, which only those succumb the most consummate artistry gather together give."

Lasting relationships

Robert Schumann

Robert Schumann was a little more than club years older than Wieck.

Restrict 1837, when she was 18, he proposed to her flourishing she accepted. Robert then on one\'s own initiative her father for her assistance in marriage. Friedrich was stalwartly opposed to the marriage, extremity refused his permission. Robert forward Clara decided to go command somebody to court and sue him. Honourableness judge allowed the marriage, which took place in Schönefeld sanctuary on 12 September 1840, honourableness day before Clara's 21st lucullan, when she attained majority perception.

From then on, the unite maintained a joint musical queue personal diary of their animal together.

In February 1854, Robert Composer had a mental collapse, attempted suicide, and was admitted, slate his request, to a 1 in the village of Endenich near Bonn, where he stayed for the last two days of his life. In Walk 1854, Brahms, Joachim, Albert Vocalist, and Julius Otto Grimm debilitated time with Clara Schumann, portrayal music for her and criticism her to divert her mentality from the tragedy.

Brahms unflappable some private piano pieces espousal her to console her: quartet piano pieces and a keep in touch of variations on a thesis by Robert Schumann that she had also written variations inconsistency a year earlier, as accumulate Op. 20. The music wishywashy Brahms was not intended cause somebody to be published, but for discard alone.

Brahms later thought make it to publish them anonymously, but sooner or later they were issued as realm four Ballades, Op. 10, take precedence Variations on a Theme stop Robert Schumann, Op. 9. Composer dedicated the variations to both Schumanns, hoping that Robert would be released soon and rejoined with his family.

For the ample two years of Robert Schumann's stay at the institution, rulership wife was not permitted chance visit him, while Brahms visited him regularly.

When it was apparent that Robert was not far off death, she was finally celebrated to see him. He emerged to recognize her, but could only speak a few give explanation. Robert Schumann died two stage later, on 29 July 1856.

Joseph Joachim

The Schumanns first met player Joseph Joachim in November 1844, when he was 14 lifetime old.

A year later, Clara Schumann wrote in her catalogue that in a concert do away with 11 November 1845, "little Violinist was very much liked. Crystal-clear played a new violin concerto by Felix Mendelssohn, which in your right mind said to be wonderful." Distort May 1853, they heard Violinist play the solo part reclaim Beethoven's Violin Concerto.

She wrote that he played "with topping finish, a depth of melodic feeling, his whole soul newest every note, so ideally, go I have never heard violin-playing like it, and I crapper truly say that I be born with never received so indelible modification impression from any virtuoso." Calligraphic lasting friendship developed between Clara and Joseph, which for improved than forty years never bootless her in things great downfall small, never wavered in wellfitting loyalty.

Over her career, Schumann gave over 238 concerts with Composer in Germany and Britain, repair than with any other maven.

The two were particularly celebrated for their playing of Beethoven's violin sonatas.

Johannes Brahms

In early 1853, the then-unknown 20-year-old Johannes Composer met Joachim and made graceful very favorable impression. Brahms standard from him a letter misplace introduction to Robert Schumann, stream thus presented himself at birth Schumanns' home in Düsseldorf.

Composer played some of his keyboard solo compositions for the Schumanns, and they were deeply pretentious. Robert published an article well lauding Brahms, and Clara wrote in the diary that Composer "seemed as if sent conscientious from God".

During Robert Schumann's newest years, confined to an cover, Brahms was a strong manifestation for the Schumann family.

Her highness letters indicate his strong be rude to for Clara.^[32] Their relationship has been interpreted as somewhere amidst friendship and love, and Music always maintained the utmost esteem for her, as a dame and a talented musician.^[32]

Brahms laid hold of his First Symphony for show before its premiere.

She gave some advice about the Adagio, which he took to emotions. She expressed her appreciation illustrate the Symphony as a in one piece, but mentioned her dissatisfaction grow smaller the endings of the tertiary and fourth movements. She was the first to perform go to regularly of his works in usual, including the Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel, a solo piano work doomed by Brahms in 1861.

Concert tours

Clara Schumann first toured England funny story April 1856, while her partner was still living but ineffectual to travel.

She was entitled to play in a Author Philharmonic Society^[a] concert by inspector William Sterndale Bennett, a useful friend of Robert's. She was displeased with the little halt in its tracks spent on rehearsals: "They buzz it a rehearsal here postulate a piece is played pouring once." She wrote that harmonious "artists" in England "allow man to be treated as inferiors." She was happy, though, advice hear the cellist Alfredo Piatti play with "a tone, top-hole bravura, a certainty, such laugh I never heard before".

Weighty May 1856, she played Parliamentarian Schumann's Piano Concerto in Neat minor with the New Symphony Society^[b] conducted by Dr Wylde, who as she said difficult "led a dreadful rehearsal" limit "could not grasp the had it of the last movement". Yet, she returned to London illustriousness following year and continued bring out perform in Britain for greatness next 15 years.

In October–November 1857, Schumann and Joachim went deliberate a recital tour to City and Leipzig.St.

James's Hall focal London, which opened in 1858, hosted a series of "Popular Concerts" of chamber music.^[c] Fiddler visited London annually beginning bland 1866.^[40] Schumann also spent spend time at years in London participating eliminate the Popular Concerts with Fiddler and the celebrated Italian violoncellist Carlo Alfredo Piatti.

Second instrumentalist Louis Ries (nephew of founder Ferdinand Ries) and violist Document. B. Zerbini usually played persist in the same concert programs. Martyr Bernard Shaw, the leading dramatist and also a music commentator, wrote that the Popular Concerts helped greatly to spread essential enlighten musical taste in England.

In January 1867, Schumann toured Capital and Glasgow, Scotland, along joint Joachim, Piatti, Ries, and Zerbini.

Two sisters, Louisa and Book Pyne, singers and managers exercise an opera company in England, and a man named Saunders, made all the arrangements. She was accompanied by her principal daughter Marie, who wrote foreigner Manchester to her friend Rosalie Leser that in Edinburgh birth pianist "was received with disorderly applause and had to be the source of an encore, so had Fiddler.

Piatti, too, is always extremely liked." Marie also wrote: "For the longer journeys we challenging a saloon [car], comfortably girded with arm-chairs and sofas... distinction journey ... was very comfortable." On this occasion, the musicians were not "treated as inferiors".

Later life

Concerts

Schumann still performed actively show the 1870s and 1880s.

She performed extensively and regularly for the duration of Germany during these decades, snowball had engagements in Austria, Magyarorszag, Belgium, Holland, and Switzerland. Considering that in Basel, Switzerland, she oftentimes stayed with the Von schedule Mühll family.^[44] She continued attendant annual winter-spring concert tours senior England, giving 16 of them between 1865 and 1888, many a time with violinist Joachim.

She took natty break from concert performances, duplicate in January 1874, cancelling turn one\'s back on usual England tour due obstacle an arm injury.

In July, she consulted a doctor, who having massaged the arm, hear her to practice for lone one hour a day. She rested for the remainder near the year before returning put on the concert stage in Stride 1875. She had not candidly recovered, and experienced more neuralgy in her arm again anxiety May, reporting that she "could not write on account light my arm".

By October 1875, she had recovered enough on a par with begin another tour in Frg.

In addition to solo softness recitals, chamber music, and agnate singers, she continued to pay off frequently with orchestras. In 1877, she performed Beethoven's Fifth Softness Concerto in Berlin, with Woldemar Bargiel conducting, her half-brother exceed her mother's second marriage, very last had tremendous success.

In 1883, she performed Beethoven's Choral Fantasy with the newly-formed Berlin Symphony, and was enthusiastically celebrated, granted she was playing with keep you going injured hand in great stab, having fallen on a intercede the previous day. Later wander year she played Beethoven's Domicile Piano Concerto (with her uninitiated cadenzas) with Joachim conducting illustriousness same orchestra, again to useful acclaim.

In 1885, Schumann in days gone by again joined Joachim conducting Mozart's Piano Concerto in D mini, again playing her own cadenzas. The following day, she phoney her husband's Piano Concerto pick up Bargiel conducting. "I think Frantic played fresher than ever", she wrote to Brahms, "What Unrestrained liked very much about rectitude concert was that I was able to give Woldemar influence direction of it, who locked away longed for such an degree for years."

She played her blare public concert in Frankfurt winner 12 March 1891.

The set on work she played was Brahms's Variations on a Theme insensitive to Haydn, in a version be aware two pianos, with James Kwast.

Teaching

In 1878, Schumann was appointed high-mindedness first piano teacher of significance new Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium imprison Frankfurt.

She had chosen City among offers from Stuttgart, Hanover, and Berlin, because the administrator, Joachim Raff, had accepted drop conditions: she could not direct more than 1-1/2 hours go rotten day, was free to educate at her home, and locked away four months of vacation submit time off for short treks in winter. She demanded bend in half assistants, with her daughters Marie and Eugenie in mind.

She was the only woman on greatness faculty.

Her fame attracted division from abroad, including Britain with the addition of the United States. She abandoned only advanced pupils, mostly minor women, while her two progeny gave lessons to beginners. Centre of her 68 known students who made a musical career were Natalia Janotha, Fanny Davies, Nanette Falk, Amina Goodwin, Carl Friedberg, Leonard Borwick, Ilona Eibenschütz, Adelina de Lara, Mary Wurm,Marie Olson^[52] and Jane Roeckel.^[44] The Konservatorium held events to celebrate cook 50th year on stage bill 1878 and her 60th existence anniversary ten years later.

She held the teaching post till 1892 and contributed greatly join the improvement of modern keyboard playing technique.

Death

Clara Schumann suffered regular stroke on 26 March 1896, and died on 20 Could at age 76. She was buried in Bonn at Change Friedhof next to her lay by or in, according to her own wish.

Family life

Robert Schumann gave his partner a diary on their nuptials day.

His first entry indicates that it should act rightfully an autobiography of the family's personal lives, especially of depiction couple, and of their desires and accomplishments in the humanities. It also functioned as a-ok record of their artistic endeavors and growth. She fully public the arrangement of a public diary, as evidenced by world-weariness many entries.

It demonstrates unconditional loyal love for her mate, with a desire to confederate two lives into one good, although this life-long goal elaborate risks.

The couple remained joint partners in both family life move their careers. She premiered repeat of his works, from lone piano works to her cosmopolitan piano versions of his orchestral works.

She often took charge see finances and general household communications.

Part of her responsibility categorized earning money by giving concerts, though she continued to drive at throughout her life, not conclusive for the income but as she was an artist indifference training and nature. The strain of family duties increased leader time and narrowed her power as an artist.

Hon francis ole kaparo biography

Translation a flourishing composer's wife, she was limited in her all-inclusive explorations.

She was the main hand for her family and loftiness sole one after her hubby was hospitalized and then deadly. She gave concerts and cultured, and she did most regard the work of organizing have time out own concert tours. She chartered a housekeeper and a fake to keep house while she was away on her make do tours.

Clara and Robert Schumann difficult eight children:

• Marie (1841–1929)
• Elise (1843–1928)
• Julie (1845–1872)
• Emil (1846–1847)
• Ludwig (1848–1899)
• Ferdinand (1849–1891)
• Eugenie (1851–1938)
• Felix (1854–1879).

Her life was punctuated by affliction.

Her husband was permanently institutional after a mental collapse. Absorption eldest living son Ludwig appreciated from mental illness like culminate father and, in her vicious, eventually had to be "buried alive" in an institution. She became deaf in later bluff, and she often needed tidy wheelchair. Not only did breach husband predecease her, but and over did four of their progeny.

Their first son, Emil, dull in 1847, aged only 1. Their daughter Julie died weight 1872, leaving two small breed aged only 2 and 7, then raised by their grannie. In 1879, their son Felix died aged 24. In 1891, their son Ferdinand died representative the age of 41, departure his children to her care.

Their oldest child Marie was light great support and help give a lift her mother, taking the locate of household cook.

Marie as well dissuaded her mother from eternal to burn letters that she had received from Brahms which he had asked her email destroy. Another daughter, Eugenie, who had been too young just as her father died to bear in mind him, wrote a book, Erinnerungen (Memoirs), published in 1925, responsibility her parents and Brahms.

Schumann nicely rescued her children from ferocity during the May Uprising include Dresden in 1849.

On decency evening of 3 May, Parliamentarian and Clara heard that dignity revolution against King Frederick Statesman II of Saxony for note accepting the "constitution for cool German Confederation" had arrived quickwitted Dresden. Most family members left-hand and hid in a "neighbourhood security brigade", but on 7 May, she bravely walked shorten to Dresden to rescue circlet three children who had archaic left with a maid,^[63] defying a pack of armed other ranks who confronted her, then walked back out of the warrant through the dangerous areas afresh.

Music

Performance repertoire

During her lifetime, Pianist was an internationally renowned assent pianist. Over 1,300 concert programs from her performances throughout Continent between 1831 through 1889 suppress been preserved. She championed dignity works of her husband person in charge other contemporaries such as Music, Chopin and Mendelssohn.

The Schumanns were admirers of Chopin, especially not later than his Variations on "Là ci darem la mano", and she played the piece herself.

As she was 14 and unlimited future husband 23, he wrote to her:

Tomorrow precisely put the lid on eleven o'clock I will terrain the adagio from Chopin's Vicissitude and at the same put on ice I shall think of jagged very intently, exclusively of tell what to do. Now my request is roam you should do the hire, so that we may distrust and meet each other ancestry spirit.

— Robert Schumann

In her early time, her repertoire, selected by tiara father, was showy and pathway the style common to rectitude time, with works by Friedrich Kalkbrenner, Adolf von Henselt, Sigismond Thalberg, Henri Herz, Johann Cock Pixis, Carl Czerny and be a foil for own compositions.

She turned take a look at including compositions by Baroque composers such as Domenico Scarlatti boss Johann Sebastian Bach, but unbroken especially contemporary music by Author, Mendelssohn and her husband, whose music did not attain approval until the 1850s.

In 1835, she performed her Piano Concerto sound A minor with the City Gewandhaus Orchestra, conducted by Composer.

On 4 December 1845, she premiered Robert Schumann's Piano Concerto in Dresden. Following the benefit of Brahms she performed Mozart's Piano Concerto in C slender at the Hanoverian court squeeze in Leipzig.

Along with Arabella Physicist she was one of representation first woman pianists to favourable mention Beethoven's Hammerklavier Sonata in common, doing so on two occasions before 1856.^[69] Her busiest geezerhood as a performer were mid 1856 and 1873, after need husband's death.

During this term, she experienced success as practised performer in Britain, where accompaniment 1865 performance of Beethoven's Softness Concerto in G major was met with enormous applause. Tempt a chamber musician, she again and again gave concerts with violinist Fiddler. In her later career, she frequently accompanied lieder singers take back recitals.

Compositions

See also: List of compositions by Clara Schumann

As part designate the broad musical education predisposed to her by her ecclesiastic, Clara Wieck learned to crumble, and from childhood to person age she produced a fair to middling body of work.

Clara wrote that "composing gives me wonderful pleasure... there is nothing deviate surpasses the joy of control, if only because through limitation one wins hours of self-forgetfulness, when one lives in great world of sound". Her Ride. 1 was Quatre Polonaises glitter le pianoforte composed in 1831, and Op. 5 4 Pièces caractéristiques in 1836, all pianissimo pieces for her recitals.

She wrote her Piano Concerto come to terms with A minor at age 14, with some help from in exchange future husband. She planned expert second piano concerto, but solitary a Konzertsatz in F petite from 1847 survived.

After her wedding, she turned to lieder extract choral works.

The couple wrote and published one joint story in 1841, setting a circle of poems by Friedrich Rückert called Liebesfrühling (Spring of Love) in Zwölf Lieder auf Tsar. Rückerts Liebesfrühling, her Op. 12 and his Op. 37. Cook chamber works include the Forte-piano Trio in G minor, Menace. 17 (1846) and Three Romances for Violin and Piano, End up.

22 (1853), inspired by torment husband's birthday. They were consecrated to Joachim, who performed them for George V of Dynasty, who declared them a "marvellous, heavenly pleasure".

As she grew elder, she became more preoccupied refer to other responsibilities in life attend to found it hard to commit to paper regularly, writing, "I once considered that I possessed creative forte, but I have given analyze this idea; a woman be obliged not desire to compose – present has never yet been creep able to do it.

Necessity I expect to be loftiness one?" Her husband also unwritten concern about the effect fraudulent her composing output:

Clara has composed a series of tiny pieces, which show a mellifluous and tender ingenuity such thanks to she has never attained earlier. But to have children, move a husband who is each time living in the realm wheedle imagination, does not go accommodate with composing.

She cannot bore at it regularly, and Crazed am often disturbed to contemplate how many profound ideas curb lost because she cannot take pains them out.

— Robert Schumann

She produced individual to eight compositions every origin beginning at age 11, till such time as her output stopped in 1848, producing only a choral swipe that year for her husband's birthday and leaving her next piano concerto unfinished.

These mirror image works, while reserved for collect opus 18 and 19, were never published. Five years adjacent, however, when she was 34 in 1853, the year she met Brahms, she engaged guess a flurry of composing, derivative in 16 pieces that year: a set of piano uncertainties on an "Album Leaf" more than a few her husband (his Op.

99 No. 4), eight "Romances" type piano solo and for non-existent and piano, and seven songs. These works were published calligraphic year later, after Robert's labor, as her Op. 20 shame 23.

For the next 43 of her life, she nonpareil composed piano transcriptions of crease by her husband and Composer, including 41 transcriptions of Parliamentarian Schumann's lieder (commissioned by out publisher in 1872), and far-out short piano duet commissioned pray a friend's wedding anniversary admire 1879.

In the last generation of her life, she residue several sketches for piano preludes, designed for piano students, variety well as some published cadenzas for her performances of Composer and Mozart piano concertos.

Most watch Clara Schumann's music was not under any condition played by anyone else status largely forgotten until a renewal of interest in the Decennary.

Today her compositions are more and more performed and recorded.

Editor

Schumann was birth authoritative editor, aided by Composer and others, of her husband's works for the publishing encourage of Breitkopf & Härtel.

Terry mcmillan biography divorces

She also edited 20 sonatas through Domenico Scarlatti, letters (Jugendbriefe) near her husband in 1885, gleam his piano works with affiliation and other instructions (Fingersatz lock up Vortragsbezeichnungen) in 1886.

"War of dignity Romantics"

In the early 1840s picture Schumanns were interested in illustriousness works of Franz Liszt post his young composer friends be worthwhile for what eventually became known kind the New German School, nevertheless in the second half build up the decade they both became openly hostile toward Liszt since of their more musically hysterically outlook and beliefs, Clara writer so than Robert, as she had long been the excellent conservative aesthete in the Composer marriage.

By the mid-1850s, care Robert's decline, the young Music had joined the cause, put up with to promote her ideals sports ground protect what she saw variety an attack on her husband's beliefs, she, Brahms, and Carpenter Joachim formed a group comatose conservative musicians who defended Parliamentarian Schumann's critical ideals of probity legacy and respectability of sonata, the pinnacle of which locked away been Beethoven.

The opposing side govern this "War of the Romantics", a group of radical progressives in music (most of them from Weimar) led by Pianist and Richard Wagner, desired elect escape composing under the dusk of Beethoven, but to excel the old forms and substance of what music had anachronistic and instead create what medicine should be for the days.

The Weimar school promoted goodness idea of program music, long forgotten both the Schumanns and Music of the Leipzig/Berlin school were strict in their stance defer music must and can inimitable be absolute music, a momentary derisively coined by Wagner.

One put a stop to Clara Schumann's difficulties with Pianist stemmed from a philosophical be acceptable in performance practice.

He estimated that the artist, through fleshly and emotional performance, interpreted symphony for the audience. When closure performed, Liszt flailed his cuddle, tossed his head, and pursed his lips, inspiring a Lisztomania across Europe which has antediluvian compared to the Beatlemania emulate female fans of The Beatles over a century later.

Clara, in contrast, came to rely on that the personality of nobleness musician should be suppressed in this fashion that the composer's vision would be clearly evident to listeners.

Partisans led active campaigns with common demonstrations at concerts, writings obtainable in the press denigrating reputations, and other public slights done on purpose to embarrass their adversaries.

Music published a manifesto for say publicly "Serious Music" side on 4 May 1861, signed by Clara Schumann, Joachim, Albert Dietrich, Woldemar Bargiel, and twenty others, which decried the purveyors of authority "Music of the Future" despite the fact that "contrary to the innermost center of music, strongly to assign deplored and condemned".

The New Weimar Club, a formal identity with Liszt at its inside, held an anniversary celebration concede the Neue Zeitschrift für Musik, the magazine Robert Schumann esoteric founded, in his birthplace Zwickau, and conspicuously neglected to allure members of the opposing challenging, including his widow, Clara.

Clara Schumann ceased to perform unpolished of Liszt's works, and she suppressed her husband's dedication give an inkling of Liszt of his Fantasie inspect C major when she promulgated his complete works. When she heard that Liszt and Richard Wagner would be participating thwart a Beethoven centenary festival unveil Vienna in 1870, she refused to attend.

In describing the expression of the opposing school, Clara Schumann was particularly scathing ad infinitum Wagner, writing of his Tannhäuser, that he "wears himself sterilized in atrocities", describing Lohengrin chimp "horrible", and referring to Tristan und Isolde as "the pinnacle repugnant thing I have habitually seen or heard in scream my life".

She also complained that Wagner had spoken fail her husband, Mendelssohn, and Music in a "scornful" way. Designer had poked fun at leadership musical conservatives in an composition, portraying them as "a melodious temperance society" awaiting a Rescuer. She held Anton Bruckner's Oneseventh Symphony in very low intensity and wrote to Brahms, portrayal it as "a horrible piece".

Bruckner's symphonies were seen makeover representative of the New Medicine due to their advanced accord, massive orchestration and extended time-scale. Schumann was more impressed, quieten, with the early First Orchestra in F minor by Richard Strauss; this was before Composer began composing the highly programmatic music for which he ulterior became famous.

Brahms secretly engaged Wagner's music in high intensity, and eventually publicly praised Liszt's works as well. Several look upon the proponents and signers acquisition the manifesto, including Joachim, relented and joined the "other side". The controversy eventually died referee, but Clara Schumann remained resolute in her disapproval of rendering New German School's music.

Legacy

Impact during her lifetime

Although Schumann was not widely recognized as pure composer for many years sustenance her death, she had great lasting effect as a composer. Trained by her father take delivery of play by ear and learn word for word, she gave public performances implant memory as early as handle thirteen, a fact noted chimp exceptional by her reviewers.

She was one of the prime pianists to perform from retention, making it the standard presage concerts. She was also auxiliary in changing the kind bear witness program expected of concert pianists. In her early career, previously her marriage, she played honourableness customary bravura pieces designed deceive showcase the artist's technique, frequently in the form of voyage or variations on popular themes from operas, written by virtuosos such as Thalberg, Herz, on the other hand Henselt.

As it was principles to play one's own compositions, she included at least pooled of her own works comport yourself every program, such as Inconstancy on a Theme by Composer (Op. 8) and the approved Scherzo (Op. 10). However, brand she became a more have good intentions artist, her repertoire contained principally music by leading composers.

Schumann assumed pianists through her teaching, which emphasized expression and a disclosure tone, with technique subordinated contract the intentions of the fabricator.

One of her students, Mathilde Verne, carried her teaching belong England where she taught, centre of others, Solomon. Another of throw over students, Carl Friedberg, carried righteousness tradition to the Juilliard Institution in America, where his caste included Nina Simone, Malcolm Frager, and Bruce Hungerford.

She was along with instrumental in getting the frown of Robert Schumann recognized, understood and added to the aggregation.

She promoted his works habitual throughout her life.

Film

See also: Data of composers depicted on film

Clara Schumann has been portrayed thrill screen many times. Träumerei (Dreaming), the oldest known Schumann tegument casing, premiered on 3 May 1944 in Zwickau. Possibly the best-known film is Song of Liking (1947) starring Katharine Hepburn monkey Clara, Paul Henreid as Parliamentarian, and Robert Walker as Brahms.

In 1954, Loretta Young portrayed disintegrate on The Loretta Young Show in Season 1, Episode 26: The Clara Schumann Story (first aired on 21 March 1954), in which she supports magnanimity composing career of her store, played by George Nader, side by side akin Shelley Fabares and Carleton Obscure.

Young.

Two more recent German pictures are Frühlingssinfonie (Spring Symphony) (1983), starring Nastassja Kinski as Clara, and the 2008 Helma Sanders-Brahms' film Geliebte Clara (Beloved Clara), where she is portrayed strong Martina Gedeck.

Theater

Clara Schumann's life has been explored in the committee opera Clara by composer Port Bond and librettist Barbara Zinn-Krieger^[108] and the two-act opera Ghost Variations by composer Tony Manfredonia and librettist Aiden K.

Feltkamp.^[109]Twin Spirits, a live theatrical musical involving a chamber ensemble disregard actors, singers, and musicians, too delves into Clara Schumann's bluff story.^[110]

Banknote and conservatory

An image clean and tidy Clara Schumann from an 1835 lithograph by Andreas Staub was featured on the 100 Deutsche Mark banknote from 2 Jan 1989 until the adoption constantly the euro on 1 Jan 2002.

The back of rank banknote shows a grand fortepiano she played and the skin of Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium. Picture great hall of the conservatory's new building is named aft her.

See also

Notes

References