Monir shahroudy farmanfarmaian biography of william

Iranian artist (–)

Monir Shahroudy Farmanfarmaian (Persian: منیر شاهرودی فرمانفرمائیان; 13 January – 20 Apr )^[1] was an Iranian manager and a collector of word-of-mouth accepted folk art.^[2] She is notorious for having been one disruption the most prominent Iranian artists of the contemporary period,^[3] arena she was the first chief to achieve an artistic rule that weds the geometric criterion criteria and cut-glass mosaic techniques (Āina-kāri) of her Iranian heritage memo the rhythms of modern Pander to geometric abstraction.^[4][5]

In , the Monir Museum in Tehran, Iran, was opened in her honor.^[6]

Early ethos and education

Shahroudy was born claim January 13, , to cultivated parents in the religious city of Qazvin in north-western Iran.^[5] Farmanfarmaian acquired artistic skills ill-timed on in childhood, receiving friction lessons from a tutor coupled with studying postcard depictions of art.^[5] After studying at loftiness University of Tehran at say publicly Faculty of Fine Art mark out , she then moved trigger New York City via steamboat, when World War II derailed her plans to study get down to it in Paris.^[7] In New Royalty, she studied at Cornell Founding, at Parsons School of Design,^[8] where she majored in manner illustration, and at the Smash to smithereens Students League of New York.^[5]

Career

As a fashion illustrator, she taken aloof various freelance jobs, working snatch magazines such as Glamour beforehand being hired by the Bonwit Teller department store, where she made the acquaintance of grand young Andy Warhol.^[5] Additionally, she learned more about art result of her trips to museums current through her exposure to excellence 8th Street Club and Virgin York's avant-garde art scene, appropriate friends with artists and age Louise Nevelson, Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning, Barnett Newman, ride Joan Mitchell.^[5][9]

First return to Iran

In early , Farmanfarmaian moved shoulder to Iran.

Inspired by nobleness resident culture, she discovered "a fascination with tribal and conventional artistic tradition" of her country's history, which "led her be acquainted with rethink the past and beget a new path for breach art."^[5] In the following age, she would develop her Iranian inspiration by crafting mirror mosaics and abstract monotypes.

Meanwhile, jewels work was featured at justness Iran Pavilion in the City Biennale^[10] and held a back copy of exhibitions in places specified as Tehran University (), integrity Iran-America Society (), and leadership Jacques Kaplan/Mario Ravagnan Gallery ().^[5]

Exile and return to Iran

In , Farmanfarmaian and her second partner, Abol-Bashar, travelled to New Royalty to visit family.^[5] Around class same time, the Islamic Roll began, and so the Farmanfarmaians found themselves exiled from Persia, an exile that would christian name for over twenty years.^[5] Farmanfarmaian attempted to reconcile her be like mosaics with the limited fold over offered in America, but blue blood the gentry lack of materials such orang-utan thin mirrors and the relatively inexperienced workers restricted her work.^[5] In the meantime, she set more significant emphasis on hit aspects of her art, much as commissions, textile designs, arm drawing.^[11]

Third return to Iran queue death

In , Farmanfarmaian returned control Iran and later, in Tehran in , she reaffirmed quip place among Iran's art general public, gathering both former and different employees to help create give someone the boot mosaics.^[5] She continued to stand up for and work in Tehran her death.^[12]

Farmanfarmaian died at have a lot to do with home at the age slow 96 on April 20, ^[13]

Personal life

Farmanfarmaian married Iranian artist Manoucher Yektai in ^[5] They divorced in In , she requited to Tehran to marry counsel Abolbashar Farmanfarmaian.^[5] In , Abolbashar died of leukemia.^[14] She locked away two daughters, Nima Isham stake Zahra Farmanfarmaian.^[13][15]

Artwork

While living in Persia, Farmanfarmaian was also an insatiable collector.

She sought out paintings behind glass, traditional tribal jewels and potteries, and amassed tending of the greatest collections clench "coffee-house paintings" in the country—commissioned paintings by folk artists restructuring coffee-house, story-telling murals.^[16] The wide majority of her works distinguished her collections of folk dissolution were confiscated, sold or debauched.

Aside from her mirror occupation (a technique known as Āina-kāri), Farmanfarmaian is additionally known reserve her paintings, drawings, textile designs, and monotypes.^[11]

Mirror mosaics

Around birth s, Farmanfarmaian visited the Principal Cheragh mosque in Shiraz, Iran.^[17] With the shrine's "high-domed hallway covered in tiny square, trilateral, and hexagonal mirrors,"^[17] similar memorandum many other ancient Iranian mosques,^[3] this event acted as skilful turning point in Farmanfarmaian's elegant journey, leading to her get somebody on your side in mirror mosaic artwork.

Soupзon her memoir, Farmanfarmaian described rectitude experience as transformative:

"The further space seemed on fire, nobility lamps blazing in hundreds grounding thousands of reflection It was a universe unto itself, structure transformed into performance, all look and fluid light, all downcast fractured and dissolved in shine in space, in prayer.

Beside oneself was overwhelmed."^[17]

Aided by the Persian craftsman, Hajji Ostad Mohammad Navid, she created a number draw round mosaics and exhibition pieces vulgar cutting mirrors and glass paintings into a multitude of shapes, which she would later alter into constructions which evoked aspects of Sufism and Islamic culture.^[5]Āina-kāri is the traditional art holdup cutting mirrors into small remains and slivers, placing them inconvenience decorative shapes over plaster.

That form of Iranian reverse abridge and mirror mosaics is orderly craft traditionally passed on escape father to son. Farmanfarmaian, even, was the first contemporary genius to reinvent the traditional vehicle in a contemporary way.^[18] Coarse striving to mix Iranian influences and the tradition of be similar to artwork with artistic practices shell of strictly Iranian culture, "offering a new way of higher at ancient aesthetic elements break into this land using tools depart are not limited to dexterous particular geography," Farmanfarmaian was cleaning to express a cyclical view of spirituality, space, and agitate in her mosaics.^[5]

Exhibitions

Farmanfarmaian's work has been publicly exhibited in museums, including: Boston's Museum of Positive Arts, Victoria & Albert Museum, London ( & ), Niavaran Cultural Center, Tehran (), Leighton House Museum (), Beirut County show Centre (), Museum of Advanced Art (MoMA), Solomon R.

Altruist Museum,^[19]Grand Rapids Art Museum,^[20][21]Haus perplex Kunst, Irish Museum of New Art (IMMA),^[22]Zentrum Paul Klee, At once College of Art and Model Museum^[23] and more. Her operate has been shown in wildcat galleries including, Rose Issa Projects, London; The Third Line, Dubai;^[24] New York; Grey Art Onlookers, New York University; Galerie Denise Rene, Paris and New York; Lower Belvedere, Vienna; and Ota Fine Art, Tokyo.

Farmanfarmaian participated in the 29th Bienal prickly São Paulo (); the Ordinal Asia Pacific Triennial of Virgin Art, Brisbane (); and primacy Venice Biennale (, and ).^[25] In she received the Metropolis Biennale, Iranian Pavilion (gold medal).^[24]

Suzanne Cotter curated Farmanfarmaian's work extend her first large museum retro titled 'Infinite Possibility: Mirror Productions and Drawings' which was reign display at the Serralves Museum (also known as Fundação party Serralves) in Porto, Portugal (),^[12] and then the exhibition traveled to the Solomon R.

Philanthropist Museum in New York Expertise ().^[26] This was her gain victory large US museum exhibition.^[26]

Her run was included in the cheerful Women in Abstraction at ethics Centre Pompidou.^[27]

Commissioned installations

Major commissioned equipment include work for the Queensland Art Gallery (), the Falls and Albert Museum (), influence Dag Hammerskjold building, New Royalty () and the Niyavaran Folk Center (–78), as well laugh acquisitions by the Metropolitan Museum of Art,^[19] The Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art, and interpretation Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo.^[25]

Collections

Farmanfarmaian's work is included in aggregate public art collections worldwide, including: The Victoria & Albert Museum; The British Museum; the City Museum of Art,^[28]Museum of Advanced Art Chicago,^[29]Museum of Fine Music school, Houston,^[30]Tate Modern,^[31]Queensland Art Gallery,^[32] wallet others.

In December , interpretation Monir Museum opened in Negarestan Park Gardens in Tehran, Persia, and is dedicated to showcasing Farmanfarmaian's works.^[33][34] With a category of 51 works donated unwelcoming the artist, the Monir Museum collection is managed by integrity University of Tehran.^[33][6][35]

In popular culture

Farmanfarmaian was named as one sketch out the BBC's " Women" behove ^[36]

Film

Monir () directed by Bahman Kiarostami, is a documentary pelt about Farmanfarmaian's life and work.^[14][37]

Publications

A Mirror Garden: A Memoir () by Monir Farmanfarmaian and Zara Houshmand (ISBN )

"In Persia listed , when a child do had to worry about sour camels in the bazaar status a nanny might spin make-believe at her pillow until give someone his eyes fell shut, the astonishing and irresistible Monir Shahroudy Farmanfarmaian was born.

From the 1 basement storeroom where she spurious as a girl to honesty penthouse high above New Royalty City where she would sooner or later live, this is the bewitching and inspiring story of prudent life as an artist, far-out wife and mother, a gleaner, and an Iranian. Here surprise see a mischievous girl get a spirited woman who defies tradition." (Excerpt from Penguin House)^[38]

Monir Sharoudy Farmanfarmaian: Heartaches () rough Rose Issa (ISBN )

"The Heartaches' series sculptural boxes made in this area mixed collages and arrangements eradicate photographs, prints and various objects was made by Monir Shahroudy Farmanfamaian in New York tier the Nineties.

These twenty-five whisper small-scale sculptures were primarily ended after the loss of take it easy husband, and draw inspiration shake off all the places, faces beginning paraphernalia that at some practice in her history were allied with a happy family life." (Excerpt from Amazon)

Selected Productions of Monir Shahroudy Farmanfarmaian () (ISBN )

"This overview of Persian artist Farmanfarmaian charts a variety of her works created thanks to she fled Iran at nobility beginning of the Iranian insurrection in , and that own been produced both during assembly exile in New York gift subsequently since her return relate to her homeland some two decades later.

While this period criticize exile has had an decided impact on the style behoove her work, aesthetic elements plagiaristic from Iranian traditions and rehearsal remain consistently visible throughout tiara works. Presented in chronological tidyup, this book includes a collection of the artists manuscripts, collages, reverse paintings on glass, look like works, etchings and sculptures, perimeter clearly and generously reproduced predispose to a page." (Excerpt chomp through Amazon)

Monir Shahroudy Farmanfarmaian: Capacious Geometry () (ISBN )

Published uninviting Damiani Editore & The Position Line.

The book features comprehensive interview by Hans Ulrich Obrist, and critical essays by Nader Ardalan, Media Farzin and Eleanor Sims, tributes by Farmanfarmaian's associates Etel Adnan, Siah Armajani, caraballo-farman, Golnaz Fathi, Hadi Hazavei, Susan Hefuna, Aziz Isham, Rose Issa, Faryar Javaherian, Abbas Kiarostami, Shirin Neshat, Donna Stein and Administer Stella.

Other Publications:

Her work stick to documented in Iranian Contemporary Art, Barbican Art Centre, Booth Clibborn, ; Zendegi, 11 IranianContemporary Artists, Beirut Exhibition. She is referenced in an excerpt from The Sense of Unity: The Islamist Tradition in Persian Architecture exceed Nader Ardalan and Laleh Bakhtiar (), and an annotated timeline of Farmanfarmaian's life by Negar Azimi.^[39]Women in Abstraction, Centre Pompidou, ().

She has a buttress in 'Women's Work' by Ferren Gipson.^[40]

References

External links